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Vue JS 3 Tutorial For Beginners (Options API)

Vue JS 3 Tutorial For Beginners (Options API)

In this tutorial you will learn everything you need to know to learn vue.js 3.

This tutorial is made as detailed as possible and as simple as possible.

If you are new to vue.js, then you will love this tutorial.

Let's get started.

 

What is Vue JS?

Vue JS is a frontend javascript framework for building websites and user interfaces (UI).

Vue runs on the client side and is commonly used to create Single-Page-Application (SPA).

Vue is easy to integrate with existing projects using a CDN.

In addition, you can also easily build full-stack applications by creating server-side APIs (Server-Side).

 

Why Use Vue JS?

# Easily create dynamic application frontends and websites

# Easy to learn

# Very fast and lightweight

# Using the Virtual DOM (Document Object Model)

# Very Popular

# Easy to integrate with existing projects using CDN

 

#1. Vue CLI

In this tutorial, I will be using the Vue CLI (Command Line Interface).

Of course you can use a CDN, but for large-scale projects it will be easier for you to use the Vue CLI.

To install Vue CLI can be done using NPM (Node Package Manager) or YARN.

In this tutorial, I will be using NPM.

To install NPM, you just need to install Node.js.

Please download Node.js from the following link and install it on your computer:

https://nodejs.org

To make sure Node.js is installed on your computer, type the following command in CMD (Command Prompt) or Terminal:

node –v

Then, make sure NPM is also installed properly by typing the following command in CMD (Command Prompt) or Terminal:

npm –v

Look at the following picture for more details:

node version

Then install Vue CLI by typing the following command in CMD or Terminal:

npm install –g @vue/cli

The above command will install Vue CLI globally on your computer.

After you have installed Vue CLI, and to make sure Vue CLI is installed properly on your computer, type the following command in CMD or Terminal:

vue --version

Like the following picture:

vue version

 

#2. Creating a new project using Vue CLI

To create a new project with Vue CLI, you can type the following command in CMD or Terminal:

vue create vue-project

Like the following picture:

vue project

“vue-project” is the name of the project to be created.

In the picture above, I created a new project in the directory:

C:/Users/M Fikri/Documents/Tutorials

If you created it in a different folder, you can use the CD (Change Directory) command to go to your folder.

After running the above command, the following options will appear:

select feature

Select => “Manually select features”.

option

Then, select “Choose Vue version” and “Babel” then Enter.

vue 3

Select Vue version 3.x, then Enter so on.

Then Vue CLI will create a new project for you.

If the Installation is complete, then type the following command to enter your project:

cd vue-project

Then, type the following command to run the project:

npm run serve

Like the following picture:

run serve

If it goes well, it will look like the following image:

app running

After that, open your browser then visit the following URL:

http://localhost:8080/

If it goes well, it will appear as follows:

welcome vue

 

#3. Folder Structure

Open "vue-project" using a code editor, in this tutorial I'm using Visual Studio Code. I also suggest you to use Visual Studio Code.

If you look in more detail, then you will get a folder structure like the following:

folder structure

In the picture above, there are 3 folders, namely: node_modules, public, and src folders.

The node_modules folder contains all the modules needed to build the project.

The public folder contains index.html and favicon.ico files, index.html files represent Single Page Application (SPA).

The src folder contains the App.vue, main.js, assets folder, and components folder.

The App.vue file is the root component file of the vue js application, the main.js file is the entry point.

The assets folder is a folder that contains images or other resources needed to build applications.

While the components folder is a folder that will contain all the components needed to build the application.

By default, there is one component which is HelloWorld.vue.

Please delete the HelloWorld.vue component file, because we don't need it, then change the code in App.vue to be like this:

<template>

</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'App',
}
</script>

<style>

</style>

 

#4. Data and Methods

Vue.js makes it easy to display data dynamically.

For more details, please type the following code in the "App.vue" file:

<template>
  <h2>Name: {{ name }}</h2>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: "App",
  data() {
    return {
      name: "M Fikri",
    };
  },
};
</script>

<style>
</style>

Then go to the browser, then you will see results like the following:

data

You can also change the data via method.

Change the “App.vue” code to the following for more details:

<template>
  <h2>Name: {{ name }}</h2>
  <button v-on:click="changeName">Change Name</button>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: "App",
  data() {
    return {
      name: "M Fikri",
    };
  },
  methods: {
    changeName() {
      this.name = "Jhon Thomas";
    },
  },
};
</script>

<style>
</style>

In the code above there are methods, in which there is one function, namely changeName() which functions to change the value of the data name property to "John Thomas".

The changeName function is called when the “Change Name” button is clicked.

Return to the browser, then click the "Change Name" button.

If it goes well, then "M Fikri" will change to "Jhon Thomas" as shown below:

method

 

#5. Data Binding

Data binding is an important feature that you must know when building a vue.js application.

You can bind attributes, classes and so on.

For example, here I want to bind the href attribute to the anchor tag.

Change the code "App.vue" to be like this:

<template>
  <a v-bind:href="url">GO TO MFIKRI.COM</a>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: "App",
  data() {
    return {
      url: "https://mfikri.com",
    };
  },
};
</script>

<style>
</style>

If you look at the code above, there is an <a> tag with the href attribute taking its value from the "url" data property.

You can NOT make it like this:

<a href="url">GO TO MFIKRI.COM</a>

Or like this:

<a href="{{ url }}">GO TO MFIKRI.COM</a>

That's why you need data binding. By utilizing data binding, you can make attributes or classes dynamic.

 

#6. Two-Way Data Binding

Vue provides a two-way data binding feature that functions to retrieve values from form inputs.

Different from retrieving values from conventional form inputs, two-way data binding applies both ways.

For more details, change the code "App.vue" to be like this:

<template>
  <input type="text" v-model="name" />
  <h4>Name: {{ name }}</h4>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: "App",
  data() {
    return {
      name: "",
    };
  },
};
</script>

<style>
</style>

In the code above there is one input text with two-way data binding attribute, namely: "v-model".

In the data property there is a name with an empty string for the default value.

Back to the browser, if it runs well, it will look like the following image:

two data binding

In the picture above, you can see that every time I type something in the input text, it will automatically be the same as the output.

This not only applies from input text to property data, but also vice versa.

If you input the value in the data property name="Jhon", then automatically the input text also contains "John".

This two-way data binding is especially useful if you work with forms.

 

#7. Conditionals and Loops

You can use if conditions with the "v-if" directive, and you can also loop using the "v-for" directive in vue.js.

For more details, change the code "App.vue" to be like this:

<template>
  <!-- if data exist -->
  <div v-if="products.length">
    <ul>
      <!-- loop data -->
      <li v-for="product in products" v-bind:key="product.id">
        {{ product.title }} - {{ product.price }}
      </li>
    </ul>
  </div>
  <!-- if no data -->
  <div v-else>
    <p>No Data</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: "App",
  data() {
    return {
      products: [
        { id: 1, title: "Product 1", price: 5000 },
        { id: 2, title: "Product 2", price: 4500 },
        { id: 3, title: "Product 3", price: 3700 },
        { id: 4, title: "Product 4", price: 1200 },
      ],
    };
  },
};
</script>

<style>
</style>

In the code above, you can see that we use "v-if" and "v-for" together.

"v-for" functions to loop over the properties of data products, while "v-if" functions to display data if there is data and displays the message "No Data" if there is no data..

In the above case, we only use static data. However, in actual cases the data can come from the backend API.

Go back to the browser to make sure there are no errors.

If it goes well, it will look like the following image:

product list

 

#8. Lifecycle Hooks

One of the very important things for you to know in vue.js is lifecycle hooks.

Lifecycle hooks are a window into how the library you are using works behind the scenes. Lifecycle hooks let you know when your component was created, added to the DOM, updated, or destroyed.

There are many lifecycle hooks in vue.js such as created, beforeCreate, mounted, beforeMount, updated, beforeUpdate, and others.

In this tutorial, I will only utilize one lifecycle hook which is: created.

Lifecycle hooks “created” are lifecycle hooks that are first executed after initializing the component and allow you to access reactive data and events before the template and Virtual DOM are mounted and rendered.

It may look confusing, but it's really not.

For more details, change the code "App.vue" to be like this:

<template>
  <!-- if data exist -->
  <div v-if="products.length">
    <ul>
      <!-- loop data -->
      <li v-for="product in products" v-bind:key="product.id">
        {{ product.title }} - {{ product.price }}
      </li>
    </ul>
  </div>
  <!-- if no data -->
  <div v-else>
    <p>No Data</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: "App",
  data() {
    return {
      products: [],
    };
  },
  // Created Lifecycle hooks
  created() {
    this.products = [
      { id: 1, title: "Product 1", price: 5000 },
      { id: 2, title: "Product 2", price: 4500 },
      { id: 3, title: "Product 3", price: 3700 },
      { id: 4, title: "Product 4", price: 1200 },
    ];
  },
};
</script>

<style>
</style>

In the code above, it can be seen that in the data property there are products with an empty array.

Meanwhile the data is moved to the lifecycle hooks created. This works so that the data is loaded before the Virtual DOM is rendered to the DOM.

If you want to run a function that was before the Virtual DOM rendered, then you can put that function into the lifecycle hooks created.

If you go to the browser, then everything is still as before.

product

 

#9. Computed Properties

Computed property is a property that you can use to define data whose value depends on other data.

For example, suppose you want to display data based on certain keywords such as search.

For more details, change the code "App.vue" to be like this:

<template>
  <!-- input search box -->
  <input type="text" v-model="search" placeholder="Search..." />
  <ul>
    <!-- loop data from Computed Properties filterProducts -->
    <li v-for="product in filterProducts" v-bind:key="product.id">
      {{ product.title }} - {{ product.price }}
    </li>
  </ul>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: "App",
  data() {
    return {
      search: "",
      products: [],
    };
  },
  // Created Lifecycle hooks
  created() {
    this.products = [
      { id: 1, title: "Product 1", price: 5000 },
      { id: 2, title: "Product 2", price: 4500 },
      { id: 3, title: "Product 3", price: 3700 },
      { id: 4, title: "Product 4", price: 1200 },
    ];
  },
  // Computed Properties
  computed: {
    filterProducts() {
      // filter product from array
      return this.products.filter((product) => {
        // Return title = search
        return product.title.match(this.search);
      });
    },
  },
};
</script>

<style>
</style>

In the code above, it can be seen that there is one text input that functions for searching.

In the logic there is a computed property in which there is one function, namely: filterProducts.

The filterProducts function serves to search data based on the same title as keywords from input text.

Back to the browser, if it runs well, it will look like the following image:

computed

If you want to define data whose value depends on other data, then you can use the computed property.

 

#10. Components

One of the important concepts you should know in vue.js is components.

Vue.js is often used to build Single Page Application (SPA) with multiple components.

For more details, create a component file named “Header.vue” in the “src/components” folder.

Then type the following code:

<template>
  <h2>Hello World</h2>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: "Header",
};
</script>

<style>
</style>

After that, change the code "App.vue" to be like this:

<template>
  <!-- Output Header Component -->
  <Header />
</template>

<script>
// Import Header Component
import Header from "./components/Header";

export default {
  name: "App",
  // Define Header Component in components Property
  components: {
    Header,
  },
};
</script>

<style>
</style>

In the code above it can be seen that to be able to use the "Header" component, you need to import the component file, then register the component in the Components Property, after that you can output the component to the DOM.  

Back to the browser, if it runs well, it will look like the following image:

components

 

#11. Props

Props function to send data or values from Parent Components to child components.

For example, change the code “App.vue” to be like this:

<template>
  <!-- Bind Props in Header Component -->
  <Header v-bind:TextHeader="text" />
</template>

<script>
// Import Header Component
import Header from "./components/Header";

export default {
  name: "App",
  components: {
    Header,
  },
  // Data Property
  data() {
    return {
      text: "Welcome To M Fikri",
    };
  },
};
</script>

<style>
</style>

Then change the code "Header.vue" in the "src/components" folder to be as follows:

<template>
  <!-- Output Header -->
  <h2>{{ TextHeader }}</h2>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: "Header",
  // Props Property
  props: ["TextHeader"],
};
</script>

<style>
</style>

In the code above, you can see that there are property props that accept the TextHeader value that comes from the parent component, namely "App.vue".

Back to the browser, if it runs well, it will look like the following image:

props

 

#12. Custom Events

Unlike props, custom events function to send data from child components to parent components..

For example, change the code “Header.vue” in the “src/components” folder to be as follows:

<template>
  <!-- Output Header Components -->
  <h2>{{ TextHeader }}</h2>
  <button v-on:click="changeText">Change Title</button>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: "Header",
  // Props Property
  props: ["TextHeader"],
  // Data Property
  data() {
    return {
      text: "Welcome To The Jungle",
    };
  },
  // Methods Property
  methods: {
    changeText() {
      this.$emit("changeTitle", this.text);
    },
  },
  // Emits Property
  emits: ["changeTitle"],
};
</script>

<style>
</style>

Then, change the code "App.vue" to be like this:

<template>
  <!-- Output Header Component -->
  <Header @changeTitle="changeTitle" v-bind:TextHeader="text" />
</template>

<script>
// Import Header Component
import Header from "./components/Header";

export default {
  name: "App",
  components: {
    Header,
  },
  // Data Property
  data() {
    return {
      text: "Welcome To M Fikri",
    };
  },
  // Methods Property
  methods: {
    changeTitle(newTitle) {
      this.text = newTitle;
    },
  },
};
</script>

<style>
</style>

The code above serves to change the header text from "Welcome to M Fikri" to "Welcome To The Jungle".

Where the text "Welcome To The Jungle" comes from child components.

Back to the browser, then click the "Change Title" button.

If it goes well, then the header text will change to "Welcome To The Jungle" as shown below:

custom events

 

#13. Vue Router

Vue Router serves to render specific components with specific URLs.

In contrast to multiple page applications, vue routers do not make requests to the server, but instead render certain components on the client side.

To use Vue Router on vue.js using Vue CLI can be done easily by creating a new project.

Therefore, create a new vue.js project with the following command in CMD (Command Prompt) or terminal:

vue create vue-router-project

Like the following picture:

vue router project

“vue-router-project” is the name of the project to be created.

In the picture above, I created a new project in the directory:

C:/Users/M Fikri/Documents/Tutorials

If you created it in a different folder, you can use the CD (Change Directory) command to go to your folder.

After running the above command, the following options will appear:

select feature

Select => “Manually select features”.

router

Then, select “Choose Vue version, Babel, and Router” then Enter.

vue 3

Select Vue version 3.x, then Enter so on.

Then Vue CLI will create a new project for you.

If the installation is complete, open the "vue-router-project" project using Visual Studio Code, then you will find a folder structure like the following:

vue folder structure

In the picture above, there are additional 2 folders in the "src" folder, namely: "router" and "views".

In the "router" folder there is an "index.js" file which functions to control all routes from the project being built.

While in the "views" folder there are "Home.vue" and "About.vue" files that function for the display or page you want to use on the route.

To make sure all projects run well, run the project by typing the following command in the terminal:

npm run serve

Then go back to the browser, and visit the following URL:

http://localhost:8080/

If it goes well, it will look like the following image:

vue router

In the picture above there is a menu "Home" and "About".

You can go to the about page by clicking the “About” menu or visiting the following URL:

http://localhost:8080/about

Like the following picture:

about

Apart from that, you can also add other pages.

For example, create a “Contact.vue” file in the “src/views” folder, then type the following code:

<template>
  <div class="about">
    <h1>This is an contact page</h1>
  </div>
</template>

Then change the code in the “index.js” file in the “src/router” folder to be as follows:

import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from 'vue-router'
import Home from '../views/Home.vue'

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/',
    name: 'Home',
    component: Home
  },
  {
    path: '/about',
    name: 'About',
    component: () => import('../views/About.vue')
  },
  {
    path: '/contact',
    name: 'Contact',
    component: () => import('../views/Contact.vue')
  }
]

const router = createRouter({
  history: createWebHistory(process.env.BASE_URL),
  routes
})

export default router

After that, change the code in the "App.vue" file to be like this:

<template>
  <div id="nav">
    <router-link to="/">Home</router-link> |
    <router-link to="/about">About</router-link> |
    <router-link to="/contact">Contact</router-link>
  </div>
  <router-view />
</template>

<style>
#app {
  font-family: Avenir, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  text-align: center;
  color: #2c3e50;
}

#nav {
  padding: 30px;
}

#nav a {
  font-weight: bold;
  color: #2c3e50;
}

#nav a.router-link-exact-active {
  color: #42b983;
}
</style>

Return to the browser, then click the “Contact” menu or visit the following URL:

http://localhost:8080/contact

Like the following picture:

contact

 

Conclusion:

The discussion this time is about the Vue.js 3 tutorial for beginners.

In this tutorial, you have learned about what vue.js is, why to use vue.js, Vue CLI, to Vue Router.

So what are you waiting for, let's coding!


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